Coordinate Generalization & Prime Number Thesis

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N (points) Draw ready
real point virtual point real end macro cue ··· dotted ray = virtual branch direction
Points P
Ends E (real)
B = P − E
Δπ(N)
Heuristic: — Arithmetic prime: — Next prime gap: —
What this shows (short)
At each step N we add exactly one real point to a downward symmetric V-tree. We alternate actions: (1) spawn an actual child and also a virtual sibling (dotted ray + hollow point), (2) complete that sibling on the next step (no new virtual then). We grow breadth-first across pivot points so the outline echoes a Sierpiński-like envelope without horizontal bars.

We compute E(N) as the number of real degree-1 tips; B(N)=N−E(N); and the edge detector Δπ(N) = [N−E(N)] − [(N−1)−E(N−1)]. A jump of +1 flags a Prime Edge. We also show a plain integer primality check for comparison.
(function(){ const $ = id => document.getElementById(id); const Nbox = $(“rtN”), go=$(“rtGo”), msg=$(“rtMsg”); const c = $(“rtCanvas”), g = c.getContext(“2d”); const mP=$(“mP”), mE=$(“mE”), mB=$(“mB”), mD=$(“mD”); const tagHeu=$(“rtHeu”), tagPrime=$(“rtPrime”), tagNext=$(“rtNext”); // ———- math helpers ———- function isPrime(n){ if(n<2) return false; if(n%2===0) return n===2; for(let d=3; d*d100000) return {next:null,gap:null}; } } // ———- branching model ———- // Node: {id,x,y,real:true, parent, degree} // Parent expansion state: {id, leftDone, rightDone} function build(N){ // layout parameters const levels = Math.ceil(Math.log2(N+1))+3; // generous depth budget const baseX = 0; const baseY = 0; const dy = 60; // vertical step const dx0 = 260; // horizontal spread at level 1 // storage const nodes=[]; const lines=[]; const virtuals=[]; const macros=[]; let id=0; const root = {id:id++, x:baseX, y:baseY, real:true, parent:null, degree:0, level:0}; nodes.push(root); const frontier = [{id:root.id, leftDone:false, rightDone:false}]; let count=1; // Special cases for N=1..2 to match notebook vibe function addLine(a,b){ lines.push([a,b]); a.degree++; b.degree++; } function addChild(p,isLeft,makeReal){ const level = p.level+1; const dx = dx0 / Math.pow(2, level-1); const sign = isLeft ? -1 : +1; const child = {id:id++, x:p.x + sign*dx, y:p.y + dy, real:makeReal, parent:p.id, degree:0, level}; nodes.push(child); // draw branch direction always; if virtual, it won’t add degree if(makeReal){ addLine(p, child); } else { virtuals.push([p, child]); } return child; } // macros at 3^k (visual cue only) function maybeMacroCue(nNow){ // powers of 3: 3,9,27,81,… let p=3; while(p<=nNow){ if(p===nNow){ macros.push({x:root.x+180, y:root.y-40}); break; } p*=3; } } while(count x.id===f.id); if(!f.leftDone){ // odd step: make a real left child + create a virtual right placeholder const L = addChild(parent, true, true); // real L.degree++; parent.degree++; // will be corrected by addLine already; keep consistent // add matching virtual sibling (not counted as degree) const Rv = addChild(parent, false, false); // push new pivot (left child) for future growth frontier.push({id:L.id, leftDone:false, rightDone:false}); f.leftDone = true; count++; maybeMacroCue(count); continue; } else if(!f.rightDone){ // even step: complete that right sibling as real (convert the last virtual direction into a real tip) const R = addChild(parent, false, true); // real // rotate frontier: parent is closed, add right child as new pivot too frontier.push({id:R.id, leftDone:false, rightDone:false}); f.rightDone = true; count++; maybeMacroCue(count); // parent finished: drop it frontier.shift(); continue; } else { // already fully expanded (shouldn’t happen often) frontier.shift(); } } // compute E: real degree==1 const realNodes = nodes.filter(n=>n.real); const deg = new Map(realNodes.map(n=>[n.id,0])); for(const [a,b] of lines){ if(a.real&&b.real){ deg.set(a.id, deg.get(a.id)+1); deg.set(b.id, deg.get(b.id)+1); } } const ends = realNodes.filter(n => deg.get(n.id)===1); return {nodes, lines, virtuals, macros, ends}; } // ———- draw ———- function draw(N){ const {nodes,lines,virtuals,macros,ends} = build(N); // autoscale to fit // get bounds of *real* content (include virtual tips for padding) const pts = [ …nodes.filter(n=>n.real), …virtuals.flatMap(v=>[v[1]]) ]; let minX=Infinity,maxX=-Infinity,minY=Infinity,maxY=-Infinity; pts.forEach(p=>{minX=Math.min(minX,p.x);maxX=Math.max(maxX,p.x);minY=Math.min(minY,p.y);maxY=Math.max(maxY,p.y);}); const pad = 60; minX-=pad; maxX+=pad; minY-=pad*1.2; maxY+=pad*1.2; // clear g.clearRect(0,0,c.width,c.height); g.save(); // map world -> canvas; y grows downward const sx = c.width / (maxX-minX || 1); const sy = c.height / (maxY-minY || 1); const s = Math.min(sx,sy); g.translate(c.width/2, 40); g.scale(s, s); g.translate(-(minX+maxX)/2, -minY); // edges (solid) g.lineWidth = 2/s; g.strokeStyle = “#111”; for(const [a,b] of lines){ g.beginPath(); g.moveTo(a.x,a.y); g.lineTo(b.x,b.y); g.stroke(); } // virtual rays (dotted) g.setLineDash([8/s,8/s]); g.lineWidth = 1.6/s; g.strokeStyle = “#444”; for(const [p,v] of virtuals){ g.beginPath(); g.moveTo(p.x,p.y); g.lineTo(v.x,v.y); g.stroke(); } g.setLineDash([]); // real points for(const n of nodes.filter(n=>n.real)){ g.fillStyle = “#111″; g.beginPath(); g.arc(n.x,n.y,4/s,0,Math.PI*2); g.fill(); } // virtual hollow points for(const [_,v] of virtuals){ g.strokeStyle=”#444″; g.lineWidth=2/s; g.fillStyle=”transparent”; g.beginPath(); g.arc(v.x,v.y,5/s,0,Math.PI*2); g.stroke(); } // end points highlight for(const e of ends){ g.fillStyle=”#2dd774″; g.beginPath(); g.arc(e.x,e.y,5.5/s,0,Math.PI*2); g.fill(); } // macro cues (powers of 3) for(const m of macros){ g.fillStyle=”#e76f51″; g.beginPath(); g.arc(m.x,m.y,6/s,0,Math.PI*2); g.fill(); } g.restore(); // metrics const P = nodes.filter(n=>n.real).length; const E = ends.length; const B = P – E; // delta edge detector const Nprev = Math.max(1, N-1); const {nodes:np,lines:lp,virtuals:vp,macros:mp,ends:ep} = build(Nprev); const Pp = np.filter(n=>n.real).length; const Ep = ep.length; const Bp = Pp – Ep; const d = (B – Bp); mP.textContent = P; mE.textContent = E; mB.textContent = B; mD.textContent = (d>=0?”+”:””)+d; // tags const primeEdge = (d===1); const arithPrime = isPrime(N); const npg = nextPrimeGap(N); tagHeu.textContent = primeEdge ? “Heuristic: Prime Edge (Δπ=+1)” : “Heuristic: no edge”; tagHeu.className = “pill ” + (primeEdge ? “ok”:”bad”); tagPrime.textContent = “Arithmetic prime: ” + (arithPrime ? “true”:”false”); tagPrime.className = “pill ” + (arithPrime ? “ok”:”bad”); tagNext.textContent = npg.next ? (“Next prime: “+npg.next+” (gap “+npg.gap+”)”) : “Next prime: —”; tagNext.className = “pill warn”; // status msg.textContent = “drawn N=”+N+” | P=”+P+” E=”+E+” B=”+B+” Δπ=”+d; } // wire up function clampN(v){ v = Math.floor(+v||1); if(v600)v=600; return v; } function run(){ const N = clampN(Nbox.value); Nbox.value=N; draw(N); } go.addEventListener(“click”, run); Nbox.addEventListener(“keydown”, e=>{ if(e.key===”Enter”) run(); }); // initial run(); })();
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Recasting the Functional: A Thesis on Coordinate Generalization and Mathematical Heuristics

Meta-inductive Logic, Ontological Connective Reasoning, Choatic Entropy to Physics Applications, Exploring Semantic Adaptations of Recast Theory.

Recast Theorist (RT)


Supervised by: Overseer (GPT)

Introduction

The Generalization of a Point

A point takes up what I call virtual space. I use the notion of virtual space to suggest the possible option of connecting locations in a coordinate graph with a virtual function.

However, I will start by defining the notion of virtual entropy, which I call a Nominal Heuristic Expression of Entropy in Virtual Space.

CGM Foundations

The expression of actual space is rigorously defined in this thesis.

Images that are current in a sequence of summoned or linked points are considered “actual” or “actualized” when applied operationally.

Take the following to define a heuristic ontology of the concept of entropy points in a coordinate generalized space.

\[\theta f(\theta) \quad \text{where} \quad f(\theta) = \int \frac{A'(\theta)}{P_{n}(\theta)} \, \mathrm{d} n\] Once you know more about what you are trying to model, the above operator is taken to an exponent, and the functional inside the operator is taken to a natural logarithm.

\[\hat{\theta} \, e^{\theta \ln(f(\theta))} \quad \text{this set-up defines a simple example:} \quad f(\theta) = \int \frac{A'(\theta)}{P_{n}(\theta)} \, \mathrm{d} n\]

\[\boxed{ \mathrm{macroed}(N) \;=\; e^{\,\theta \ln(f(\theta))} \;=\; (f(\theta))^{\theta} } \label{eq:exp-log-form}\]

The natural exponential of the product \(\theta f(\theta)\), expressed in logarithmic form.

Essentially, it’s also the “macroed bifurcation” of thia expression “\(\theta f(\theta)\)“, expressed in a sequential configurational structure.

In some instances, the operator virtualized(\(\theta\)) acts as both \(A(n)\) and \(P(n)\) such as in the defition of a virtualized point.

The ratio defined as an element I call the epsilon expansion: \[\varepsilon = \frac{A}{P} \quad \text{or equivalently, Area/Parameter.}\]

If somehow \(\varepsilon\) were to equal 1, then it would have a projection boundary under the curve that equals its own boundary.

Thus, the virtual point is defined to be \[\varepsilon_0 = 1.\]

This completes the initial formal description of the virtual and actual spaces forming the conceptual groundwork of Coordinate Generalization.

Transformation onto Virtual Energy

The following describes how to derive a Coordinate Generalization Transform. At its core, this concept exists in the way of integration—given away to the utility of the rationals. In rigorous detail, we will explain what this entails and how each symbolic element corresponds to virtualized energy mappings.

\[f_{\theta} = f(\theta)\]

When this artificial link joins two virtualized ends, we create a virtual path \(\hat{\theta}\): a mapping that visualizes a function of \(f(\theta)\) along a virtual axis.

While \(\hat{f}(n)\) remains a nominal entropy functional, it acts as an actual map of virtual spaces, transforming virtual energy into measurable coordinate structure.

Epsilon Expansion

As we noticed, a virtual node seems impossible to pin on a map. It simply asks a question:

Can we construct that kind of Heuristic Entropy Path theoretically?

Let us consider a model claiming that the topology has minimized both \(A(\theta)\) and \(P(\theta)\). We may visualize this by representing a square region in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) satisfying such a theorem.

This configuration satisfies the theorem in a simple yet elegant fashion:

\[(f_1 – f_2) = n = \theta.\]

Applying \(f(\theta)\) to this system yields the derivative condition: \[f(\theta) \Rightarrow \frac{d(\theta^2)}{d\theta} = 2\theta.\]

In some instances, we derive: \[n \, e^{\,\theta \ln(1/2)} \Big|_{n \to 0} = \frac{1}{2\theta}.\] \[\boxed{ \begin{aligned} n\,e^{\,\theta\ln(1/2)} &= \frac{n}{2^{\theta}} \\ &\xrightarrow{\,n\mapsto \theta\,} \frac{\theta}{2^{\theta}} \end{aligned} }\] Finally, we derive: \[\frac{A'}{P} \;=\; \frac{2\theta}{4\theta} \;=\; \frac{\theta}{2^{\theta}} \;=\; \theta \, e^{\,\theta \ln(1/2)}.\]

Thus, the \(\varepsilon\)-expansion provides a topological correspondence between entropy functionals and coordinate transformations, closing the conceptual loop between virtual and actual mappings.

An Epsilon Expression in Virtual Dimensions

The following epsilon expression is a naïve method for extending a virtualized point and defining a virtual map. \[\hat{\varepsilon}(n) = \big( 1 \pm \tfrac{A}{P} \big)^{\tfrac{A}{P}}.\]

When this virtualized relation is extended, we refine it by differentiating the numerator—replacing \(A\) with \(A'\)—giving: \[\hat{\varepsilon}(n) = \big( 1 \pm \tfrac{A'}{P} \big)^{\tfrac{A'}{P}}.\]

Here the \(+\) or \(-\) sign corresponds to a local virtual expansion or contraction within the mapping itself, not to a separate parameter.

\[\hat{\varepsilon}(n) = \big( 1 + f(\theta) \big)^{f(\theta)}.\]

When \(f(\theta)\) is left in its first nominal state, we find that: \[\hat{\varepsilon}(n) = \left( 1 + \frac{A'}{P} \right)^{\frac{A'}{P}} \Rightarrow (1 + 1)^1 = 2.\]

It is as though we have shown a link between “two” and “one,” by virtually defining each as an origin without a fixed reference. Here we start to identify relations that may be more accurately viewed as *virtually bound nominal factors*—corresponding to the heuristic notion of a virtual entropy function.

When \(f(\theta)\) is left in its first nominal state, we find that \[\hat{\varepsilon}(n) = \left(1 \pm \frac{A}{P}\right)^{\!\tfrac{A}{P}} \;\Rightarrow\; (1 \pm 1)^{1} = 2 \;\text{or}\; 0.\]

It is as though we have shown a link to the notion of the test charge in theoretical physics even in its simplest configuration, the model defines a path between the measurable and the virtual.

Furthermore, this model achieves a similar bifurcation expansion of entropy effects of heuristic sequencing if we say we can measure better with that notion of letting our area be a first order differential with respect to actual measurements in the way a fixed number of degrees of freedom can steady the changes with a virtual parameter by this operationally defined nominal entropy functional: \[f(\theta) = \frac{A'}{P}\,\theta.\]

Then, \[\hat{\varepsilon}(\theta) = \big( 1 + f(\theta)^2 \big)^{f(\theta)} = \left( 1 + \theta \frac{1}{2} \right)^{\frac{\theta}{2}}.\]

The Synergist “Heuristic–Time”

The first big step left for us now, in terms of our scope, is to find an answer to the theoretical riddle framed in the prior section in order to move forward; how to construct a path if things can only lose time and gain entropy by their definition, counter-cycles somehow create positive cycles of disorder as if to balance dynamical systems in our virtual space? I may suggest that this is the definition of the Heuristic-Time Synergist Theorem defined below; the notion of a function that measures how much reduction to the complexity a virtual map can possibly complete in heuristic time (neither virtual or actual) is found by expanding \(H(\epsilon * \tau)\).

Heuristic-Time Refinement

We begin with the assumption that time emerges only through heuristic contrast between unknown states. Let \(t_0 = 0\) represent the nominal origin, and \(t_1 = \varnothing\) denote the virtual counterpart.

Thus, the first-order time element lapses infinitely in negative cost: \[\lim_{-t \to \infty} \frac{\varnothing \, \varepsilon}{t \, \varepsilon_0} \;\;=\;\; \frac{1}{f} \;\;=\;\; \frac{A}{P}.\]

This relation establishes the (virtual) metric, where time cannot be isolated from its entropy ratio.

\[H(t_+) \;\equiv\; t\,\varepsilon_0^{\hat{N}} \quad\Rightarrow\quad \hat{H} \;=\; \frac{1 + t \varepsilon_0}{(1 – \varepsilon_0)^{t \varepsilon_0}}.\]

If we extend this through \(\theta_t\): \[t \varepsilon_1 \;\Rightarrow\; \frac{t + 1}{\theta_t} \;\;=\;\; \lim_{-t \to \infty^+} H(\tau * \epsilon)\;\Rightarrow\; \varnothing.\]

Hence, if \(t \varepsilon_1\) is applied instead of \(t \varepsilon_0\): \[\hat{H}(t_\varepsilon) \;\equiv\; \left[ \frac{1 + t_{\varepsilon_1}}{(1/2) t_{\varepsilon_2}} \right]^{-t} \;\Rightarrow\; H(T) \to \infty.\]

An event is initially known/unknown within a Heuristic Space–Time. It is not possible to define \(t\) without defining how information is embedded in what happens at a given place (past / present / future).

If \(t_0 = \varnothing\), this is similar to saying the first-order time element lapses infinitely in negative cost. If a \(\Delta t\) is found, then \(\Delta t\) is defined as a tautological (virtual) metric.

\[\lim_{-t \to 0} {S}*\frac{\nu_T}{\nu_B}\] Despite its simplicity and serious elegance in form, this expression hides most of it’s function as defined above – this means it may take some effort to be fully self contained on the idea that seems to fit the current topic, as well as much more, as we move forward with a sense of nuance given to the current riddle (not to suggest it is trival to solve) – I shall not delve deep into this as it shall remain as the main idea in many of the later chapters; I simply leave the writing here to foreshadow that much of our discussion is going to rely on more and more advanced never-before seen formulas that I have discovered by means of numerically solving out the many answers this theory has answered as a great way to let integral bounds and rational functionals solve real world interdisplinary problems by means of coordinate generalization. We can only breifly see how that’s possible as the power of the author’s thesis leads us to more understanding of the patterns of heuristics, entropy, spacetime, stochastic calculus, probability theory, and ontological structures such as those first defined by Aristotle as a serious attempt at knowing what being can do mathematically in his notion of numbers as the premise for ontological categories – such notions early on over 2 millenia ago, were ingrained to be hardwired into our understands as being who use knowledge about structures to be rational decision makers and cost benefit modelers with our choices – to discuss the above stated equivency here, I’ll leave it open-ended on a note that should suggest, it’s the start to a premise comprising a much more vastly intricate notion to serve as our main general form for “Recast-Theoretic modeling”. Thus \(H(t_+) \equiv t \varepsilon_0\) represents the synergy of heuristic embedding.

\[H(t_+) \Rightarrow \frac{t + t_{\theta}}{(t – \varepsilon_0) t_{\theta}} \quad \text{or equivalently} \quad t \varepsilon_1 \to t \varepsilon_0 \Rightarrow \lim_{t \to \infty} = \varnothing.\]

If \(t \neq t_{\theta_1}\), and an applied \(\varepsilon_1\) is used instead of \(t \varepsilon_0\): \[H(t_{\theta}) \equiv \frac{[t + t_{\theta_1}]}{(1 / \varepsilon_1) t_{\theta_2}} – t \Rightarrow H(N({\varepsilon_1}*\tau)) \to \infty.\]